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Heart valve diseases occur when one or more valves in the heart fail to function properly, disrupting normal blood flow. The mitral valve, located between the left atrium and left ventricle, can develop conditions such as mitral stenosis (narrowing) or mitral regurgitation (leakage). These issues often lead to symptoms like fatigue, shortness of breath, and irregular heartbeat. Similarly, the aortic valve, which controls blood flow from the heart to the body, may suffer from aortic stenosis or aortic regurgitation.

Aortic valve disease can cause chest pain, dizziness, and even heart failure if untreated. Both conditions may arise from congenital defects, infections, or age-related degeneration. Diagnosis typically involves echocardiography, while treatment ranges from medications to surgical interventions like valve repair or replacement. Early detection and management are crucial to prevent complications and improve quality of life.