Squamous Cell Carcinoma

This type of cancer that isn't melanoma usually grows on parts of the body that are exposed to the sun, like the face, ears, neck, and hands. This is because of the buildup of UV radiation. People with fair skin, long-term sun exposure, a weak immune system, or previous skin injuries are more likely to contract this disease. SCC can penetrate deeper tissues and, if not treated, can spread to lymph nodes. This is not the case with basal cell carcinoma.

Signs and symptoms

Common indicators are red areas that stay scaly, solid nodules, open sores that bleed or crust, or growths that look like warts with depressions in the middle. Lesions can grow quickly and hurt. Actinic keratosis is an early alteration that can lead to SCC in situ (Bowen's disease).

What causes actinic keratosis, and what factors increase the likelihood of its occurrence?
Uncontrolled proliferation in squamous cells is caused by DNA mutations, which are commonly caused by UV radiation. Changes to the p53 gene are important. Other dangers include being older, being male, smoking, having HPV, and being around chemicals.

Finding out what's wrong and treating it

A biopsy that shows atypical squamous cells is part of the diagnosis. Surgery is the best way to treat the disease. For more severe cases, Mohs surgery, cryotherapy, or radiation may be used. Sunscreen, protective clothes, and regular skin checks are important parts of prevention.