Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

BCC accounts for about 80% of non-melanoma skin cancers, primarily affecting fair-skinned adults over 40. It originates in the basal layer of the skin's epidermis and rarely metastasizes but can invade nearby tissues like bone if neglected. Key subtypes include nodular (most common, shiny dome-shaped bump), superficial (red scaly patch), and morpheaform (scar-like). Incidence rises with cumulative sun exposure, tanning beds, and immunosuppression.?

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Typical signs: translucent nodule with rolled borders, central ulceration, telangiectasia, or non-healing sore on face, ears, neck, or arms. Diagnosis confirms via skin biopsy, with dermoscopy aiding subtype identification; staging uses TNM system for rare advanced cases.?

Treatment and Prevention

Cure rates exceed 95% with excision, Mohs micrographic surgery (ideal for high-risk areas), cryotherapy, or topical imiquimod/5-FU for superficial lesions. Radiation suits elderly patients; advanced cases use hedgehog inhibitors like vismodegib. Daily SPF 30+ sunscreen, protective clothing, and avoiding midday sun prevent most cases.