Skin Cancers

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most prevalent at 80% of cases, appears as pearly nodules on sun-exposed areas like the face. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) forms scaly patches or sores, with higher metastasis risk. Melanoma, though rarer (1-2%), arises from melanocytes and causes most skin cancer deaths due to rapid spread. Risk factors include fair skin, sunburns, tanning beds, and genetics like xeroderma pigmentosum.?

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Watch for asymmetry, border irregularity, color variation, diameter over 6mm, and evolving lesions (ABCDE). BCC shows non-healing ulcers; SCC bleeds easily; melanoma may itch or darken. Dermatologists use dermoscopy, biopsy, and staging via sentinel node biopsy for confirmation.?

Treatment Options

Excision cures most early BCC/SCC; Mohs surgery preserves tissue. Melanoma requires wide excision, immunotherapy (e.g., checkpoint inhibitors), or targeted BRAF therapy. Prevention via sunscreen, shade, and self-exams reduces incidence by 50%. Prognosis nears 99% for localized cases.