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Endometrial cancer, the most common uterine cancer, grows in the endometrium, the uterus lining. It is the most common type of cancer in women and is generally found early since the signs are easy to see. The most typical symptom that something is wrong is bleeding from the uterus that isn't normal, especially after menopause. Other signs include pain in the pelvic area, strange vaginal discharge, and pain when urinating.

Endometrial cancer is significantly linked to prolonged exposure to oestrogen in the absence of sufficient progesterone balance. Obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, starting menstruation early, going through menopause late, having polycystic ovarian syndrome, and using oestrogen-only hormone therapy are all risk factors.

A family history of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome) elevates risk. A pelvic exam, a transvaginal ultrasound, an endometrial biopsy, and occasionally a hysteroscopy are all part of the diagnosis. After the diagnosis is established, staging is done to find out how far the disease has spread. The main part of treatment is to surgically remove the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy may be suggested based on the stage and features of the tumour.

Uterine cancer has a favourable chance of being cured if it is found early. Regular gynaecological checkups and quick action on unusual bleeding are very important for early diagnosis and optimal management.