Kidney (Renal) Cancer

Common signs include blood in urine (hematuria), flank pain, a palpable abdominal mass, fatigue, and unexplained weight loss. High blood pressure or fever may also occur, though many cases remain asymptomatic until advanced.?

Causes and Risks

Uncontrolled cell growth in kidney tubules drives RCC, linked to smoking, hypertension, obesity, and genetic factors like von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Men face higher risk, with incidence rising post-45 years.?

Diagnosis and Staging

Imaging like CT/MRI detects tumors, confirmed by biopsy. Staging ranges from localized (Stage I-II) to metastatic (Stage IV), guiding prognosis; five-year survival exceeds 75% for early detection.?

Treatment Options

Surgery (partial/radical nephrectomy) cures early stages; advanced cases use targeted therapies (TKIs like sunitinib), immunotherapy, or radiation. Nephron-sparing approaches preserve kidney function.