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Hypertensive Kidney Disease is kidney damage caused by chronic high blood pressure. Prolonged hypertension leads to thickening and narrowing of small blood vessels in the kidneys, resulting in reduced blood flow and oxygen supply to kidney tissues. This condition, also called hypertensive nephrosclerosis, causes gradual kidney function decline and can progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD) or even kidney failure if untreated. Early symptoms of kidney damage may be subtle or absent, but as the disease progresses, symptoms like loss of appetite, nausea, and fatigue can appear.

Risk factors include poorly controlled high blood pressure, older age, existing kidney problems, and certain genetic predispositions, particularly among people of Afro-Caribbean descent. Managing blood pressure strictly is crucial to prevent further kidney damage. Hypertensive kidney disease is a significant cause of end-stage renal disease globally, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and aggressive blood pressure control to protect kidney health and prevent complications related to kidney failure.?