Mineral And Bone Disorders (MBD)

Mineral and Bone Disorders (MBD) refer to a systemic condition predominantly seen in chronic kidney disease (CKD), where there is an imbalance in minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, and hormones including parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D. This disorder occurs because damaged kidneys fail to regulate minerals and hormones properly. Such imbalances lead to altered bone metabolism, causing bone abnormalities known as renal osteodystrophy, which includes changes in bone structure, strength, and growth. Beyond bone issues, MBD also contributes to vascular calcifications, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality among CKD patients. MBD manifests through biochemical changes like abnormal serum levels of calcium, phosphate, PTH, and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23). The disorder progresses as kidney function declines, becoming more common and severe with advancing CKD stages.

It presents with risks such as bone fractures, cardiovascular complications, and soft tissue calcifications. Management of MBD focuses on controlling mineral and hormone levels to reduce complications, guided by clinical guidelines recommending monitoring and treatment based on serum markers. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to improving quality of life and reducing mortality risks for individuals with CKD and associated MBD.?