Metabolic Acidosis / Alkalosis

Metabolic acidosis is a condition where the blood becomes abnormally acidic due to a decrease in bicarbonate or an increase in hydrogen ions. It results in a blood pH below 7.35 and can be caused by conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis, kidney failure, diarrhea (loss of bicarbonate), or ingestion of toxic substances like methanol or aspirin. Common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and rapid breathing. Without treatment, it may lead to severe complications like shock or coma.

Metabolic alkalosis, in contrast, involves an elevated blood pH above 7.45 due to increased bicarbonate or loss of acids. It may occur from excessive vomiting, diuretic use, or certain kidney problems causing acid loss or increased bicarbonate retention. Symptoms often include muscle cramps, irritability, and muscle twitches. Both conditions reflect an imbalance in the body’s acid-base regulation and often require diagnosing the underlying cause for effective treatment, which may include correcting fluid and electrolyte imbalances or managing the primary disease.