Medical Services

Hypernatremia and hyponatremia are two common electrolyte disturbances that occur due to imbalances in body sodium levels. Hypernatremia refers to elevated sodium levels (greater than 145 mEq/L), usually caused by water loss or excessive sodium intake. It often results from dehydration, excessive sweating, or certain kidney disorders. Symptoms may include thirst, confusion, muscle twitching, irritability, and in severe cases, seizures or coma. Treatment focuses on gradual correction of sodium levels by rehydration, often through intravenous fluids, to prevent brain swelling.

Hyponatremia, on the other hand, indicates low sodium levels (less than 135 mEq/L). It is commonly caused by excessive water retention, vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics, or hormonal imbalances such as SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion). Symptoms include headache, nausea, weakness, confusion, and seizures. Severe cases can be life-threatening if sodium is corrected too rapidly. Management involves careful fluid restriction or hypertonic saline administration, depending on the underlying cause.

Both conditions require accurate diagnosis and cautious management to restore electrolyte balance safely. Preventive care through adequate hydration and monitoring during illness or medication use helps reduce the risk of these sodium imbalances.