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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a rapid loss of kidney function occurring within hours or days, leading to the buildup of toxins, electrolyte imbalances, and fluid overload. It often results from decreased blood flow to the kidneys, direct kidney tissue damage, or obstruction in urinary flow. Common causes include severe dehydration, infections, sepsis, trauma, certain medications, or major surgeries.

Symptoms may include reduced urine output, swelling in legs or ankles, nausea, fatigue, confusion, and shortness of breath. Early diagnosis is vital, typically confirmed through elevated serum creatinine levels, urine tests, and imaging studies.

Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause—restoring hydration, managing blood pressure, discontinuing harmful drugs, and treating infections. In severe cases, dialysis may be needed temporarily to filter waste products until kidney function recovers.

With prompt care, AKI is often reversible, but delayed treatment can lead to permanent kidney damage or chronic kidney disease (CKD). Preventive measures include adequate hydration, avoiding unnecessary medications, and monitoring kidney health during illnesses or surgeries.