Renal Artery Stenosis

Renal artery stenosis is a condition in which one or both arteries supplying blood to the kidneys become narrowed, limiting blood flow and impairing kidney function. The two main causes are atherosclerosis, in which fatty plaques accumulate on artery walls, and fibromuscular dysplasia, an abnormal thickening of the arterial wall usually seen in younger women. Reduced blood flow causes the kidneys to release hormones that elevate blood pressure, leading to renovascular hypertension. Common symptoms include sudden-onset or worsening hypertension, fluid retention, fatigue, and decreased kidney function. In severe cases, it may cause kidney failure if untreated.

Diagnosis involves Doppler ultrasound, CT angiography, or MR angiography to visualize arterial narrowing. Treatment options include medications to control blood pressure, angioplasty with or without stenting to restore blood flow, and lifestyle modifications like smoking cessation and cholesterol management. Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent permanent kidney damage and control hypertension effectively.?