Drug-Induced Nephritis

Drug-Induced Nephritis is a renal inflammatory disorder caused by hypersensitivity or toxic reaction to certain medications. It most commonly presents as acute interstitial nephritis, where drugs trigger immune-mediated inflammation in the renal interstitium and tubules. Common offending drugs include antibiotics (penicillin, ciprofloxacin), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole, pantoprazole), diuretics, antivirals, and anticonvulsants.

Symptoms may include fatigue, fever, skin rash, blood in urine, and swelling due to impaired kidney filtration. In severe cases, acute kidney injury can develop, leading to elevated creatinine and decreased urine output. Diagnosis is based on clinical history, lab evaluation, and renal biopsy, revealing interstitial infiltration of immune cells.

Treatment focuses on discontinuing the causative medication, ensuring adequate hydration, and initiating corticosteroids if inflammation persists. Early recognition and drug withdrawal typically restore kidney function, but chronic exposure can cause irreversible renal scarring and progression to chronic kidney disease.?