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Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is an immune-mediated inflammation of the kidneys that happens following infection with certain strains of group A beta-haemolytic streptococci. It usually happens 1 to 3 weeks after strep throat, scarlet fever, or skin illnesses like impetigo. The immune system makes antibodies that wrongly attack glomerular tissues. This procedure causes inflammation and damage to the kidney's filtration units. This disorder is most common in kids aged 5 to 12, but adults can also get it, often with worse effects.

Signs of this condition include haematuria (tea-coloured urine), proteinuria, oedema around the eyes and ankles, high blood pressure, and less urine production. Some people may also feel worn out and have swelling all over their bodies. The diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, urine tests that show protein and blood, and low levels of complement C3. The main goal of treatment is to provide supportive care, like controlling blood pressure, managing fluids, and giving antibiotics to get rid of any remaining streptococcal infection. Most patients recuperate better in a few weeks, but a small number may develop chronic kidney disease or renal failure.

Maintaining good hygiene, promptly treating streptococcal infections with antibiotics, and closely monitoring patients are crucial in preventing PSGN and its associated sequelae, particularly in children.