Lupus Nephritis

Lupus Nephritis is a severe kidney inflammation resulting from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues. In lupus nephritis, autoantibodies target the kidneys’ filtering units (glomeruli), causing swelling, protein leakage, and reduced kidney function. Common symptoms include foamy urine due to proteinuria, blood in urine, high blood pressure, and swelling in the face, hands, and legs. Diagnosis relies on urine tests, kidney function assessments, and sometimes biopsy to determine the disease class.

The condition has two main histological types — proliferative lupus nephritis (PLN) and membranous lupus nephritis (MLN), which differ in inflammation patterns and prognosis. Early detection and aggressive treatment using corticosteroids, immunosuppressants like mycophenolate mofetil or cyclophosphamide, and biologic therapies can preserve renal function and prevent progression to end-stage renal disease. Close follow-up and lifestyle management play vital roles in improving long-term kidney outcomes.?