Glomerular Diseases

Glomerular diseases are disorders that damage the glomeruli, the microscopic filtering units of the kidneys responsible for removing waste and excess fluids from the blood. When these glomeruli are inflamed or scarred, they lose their ability to filter effectively, leading to the leakage of protein and blood into the urine. These diseases may occur as primary kidney conditions or secondary to systemic disorders like diabetes, lupus, and infections. Common types include glomerulonephritis (inflammation), glomerulosclerosis (scarring), and conditions such as IgA nephropathy or membranous nephropathy.

Symptoms often include swelling (edema), high blood pressure, foamy or cola-colored urine, and fatigue due to waste accumulation. In advanced cases, chronic kidney disease or kidney failure may develop. Diagnosis involves urine and blood tests, imaging, and sometimes kidney biopsy. Treatment depends on the cause and may include medications like corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, or blood pressure control drugs. Early diagnosis and disease-specific therapy can help preserve kidney function and improve long-term outcomes for patients with glomerular diseases.?