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It usually starts with gingivitis that hasn't been treated. The condition is a milder form of gum inflammation caused by plaque and bacteria building up. If you don't pay attention to it, it can turn into periodontitis, which is when the gums peel away from the teeth and create pockets that can get infected.
Over time, the body's immune system and toxins created by germs damage the bone and connective tissue. Poor oral hygiene, smoking, diabetes, hormonal fluctuations, and a family history of the disease can all raise the risk.
A dental exam, evaluating the depth of the pockets around the teeth, and dental X-rays are usually used to make a diagnosis. Controlling the infection is the main goal of treatment. The process may involve deep cleaning techniques like scaling and root planing, antibiotics, and, in more serious situations, surgery.
To avoid periodontitis, it's very important to keep your mouth clean, go to the dentist regularly, and stop smoking. Early treatment not only saves your natural teeth but also helps your general health, since gum disease that isn't addressed has been related to diabetes and heart disease.