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Part of the male reproductive system, the testicles are where testis cancer—also known as testicular cancer—originates. Although testicular cancer is most common in men between the ages of 15 and 40, it is still considered quite rare. Classified as seminomas and nonseminomas, most testicular malignancies are germ cell tumours.
Early symptoms could be a painless lump or swelling in one testicle, a scrotal heaviness, or lower abdominal or groin discomfort. Should the cancer have spread, certain patients may show back discomfort, breast soreness, or hormonal changes.
Diagnosis calls for a physical examination, a testicular ultrasonic scan, and blood testing for tumour markers including LDH, hCG, and AFP. Imaging studies, such as CT scans, can determine the extent of the spread. Usually, depending on the kind and stage of the disease, treatment consists of surgically removing the damaged testicle (orchiectomy), then radiation, chemotherapy, or surveillance.
High cure rates, particularly in the early stages, depend significantly on regular self-examination and prompt medical advice. With timely and suitable therapy, both long-term survival and fertility preservation are feasible.