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An inherited condition called Lynch syndrome, sometimes referred to as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), raises the risk of several kinds of cancer, especially endometrial and colorectal malignancies. Usually correcting mistakes during cell division, DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes include MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 created by mutations. When mutated, these genes cause genetic damage in cells that can lead to cancer.
Those with Lynch syndrome may have a family history of associated cancers, including stomach, ovarian, urinary tract, and brain tumours. They commonly develop cancer at a younger age, sometimes before 50. Unlike Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), Lynch Syndrome usually results in few polyps.
Diagnosis typically requires genetic testing after tumour tests show microsatellite instability (MSI) or a lack of MMR protein expression. Once identified, people and their families can gain from rigorous monitoring, including frequent colonoscopies and tests for any related diseases. One could also think about lifestyle changes and preventive operations.