Medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumour in children, usually develops in the cerebellum, which is the area of the brain responsible for balance, coordination, and motor control. Though it can strike anyone at any age, it most usually affects youngsters between the ages of 3 and 8. Fast-growing medulloblastomas can spread via cerebrospinal fluid to other areas of the central nervous system.
Typical symptoms include headaches (particularly in the morning), nausea, vomiting, balance or walking troubles, eyesight issues, and changes in behaviour or school performance. Growing tumours can raise intracranial pressure, which might aggravate more serious neurological problems.
The diagnosis consists of a lumbar puncture to search for cancer cells in the cerebrospinal fluid, MRI or CT scans of the brain and spine, and neurological testing. A biopsy verifies the diagnosis.
Usually, treatment consists of surgically removing the tumour, then radiation treatment (in children above three) and chemotherapy. Early, multi-modal treatment is crucial given the aggressive character of the tumour.