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Usually under the age of five, Wilms Tumour—also known as nephroblastoma—is an uncommon kidney malignancy mostly affecting youngsters. It starts in the kidneys and usually shows up as a painless abdominal mass seen during normal activities like washing or getting dressed. Wilms Tumour is sometimes linked to genetic abnormalities such as WAGR syndrome, Denys-Drash syndrome, and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, even if its precise origin is uncertain.
Typical symptoms are stomach pain, a mass or swelling, blood in the urine, fever, nausea, and lack of appetite. Occasionally the tumour spreads to the lungs or other organs; it may even compromise one or both kidneys.
Along with urine and blood tests, diagnosis calls for imaging studies, including ultrasounds, CT scans, or MRI scans, then, if necessary, a biopsy. Staging influences therapy planning and helps ascertain the degree of the disease.
Usually, treatment consists of surgery to remove the afflicted kidney (nephrectomy), then chemotherapy, and occasionally radiation therapy. Timely therapy enhances the survival rates, making it one of the most treatable paediatric tumours.