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These tumours can be extradural (outside the dura, usually affecting vertebrae), intramedullary (inside the spinal cord), extramedullary-intradural (outside the cord but inside the dura), or both. They could start in the spine (primary) or move from another area of the body (metastatic) and be benign or malignant.
Ependymomas, astrocytomas, meningiomas, and schwannomas are the common forms of spinal cord tumours. The size and location of the tumour determine the symptoms; usually, they include back discomfort, numbness, muscle weakness, trouble walking, and loss of bladder or bowel control. Prevention of lasting neurological damage depends on early detection.
Usually involving MRI images, a diagnosis calls for a biopsy to identify the tumour type. Treatment choices range and can call for chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical removal. Minimal invasive approaches and advances in neurosurgery have greatly enhanced results. The type of tumour, where it is located, and the starting point of treatment determine recovery.
Effective management of spinal cord tumours and enhancement of the patient's quality of life and neurological performance depend on complete treatment under the direction of a multidisciplinary team.