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The type of breast cancer called HER2-positive is identified by having too much of the HER2 protein, which helps cancer cells grow. HER2-positive breast cancer is known for its aggressive behaviour and faster growth rate compared to HER2-negative forms, accounting for about 15–20% of all breast cancers.
Typical breast cancer signs include a lump, swelling, changes in breast form, nipple discharge, or skin changes. Imaging procedures, such as mammography or ultrasonic scanning, are part of the diagnostic process, followed by a biopsy. Tumour samples undergo examination for HER2 status using immunohistochemistry (IHC) or fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH).
Though HER2-positive breast cancer was long thought to be challenging to treat, the development of targeted treatments such as trastuzumab (Herceptin), pertuzumab, and T-DM1 has substantially improved patient outcomes. Depending on the stage, treatment often consists of targeted therapy, chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation.
Many people with HER2-positive breast cancer go into remission and lead long, healthy lives with early diagnosis and the appropriate course of treatment. New drug discovery and ongoing research help improve treatments and provide hope for even better prognoses.