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Known also as uterine cancer, endometrial cancer starts in the endometrium—the inner lining of the uterus. The most common form of gynaecological cancer, it mostly affects women following menopause. Unusual vaginal bleeding, particularly postmenopausal bleeding, is the most obvious and early indication of endometrial cancer.
Obesity, hormonal abnormalities—particularly excess oestrogen—early menstruation or late menopause, never having been pregnant, diabetes, and a family history of uterine or colorectal cancer are risk factors for endometrial cancer. Additionally at higher risk are women with Lynch syndrome, a genetic disorder.
Diagnosis typically begins with a pelvic exam, followed by imaging tests such as ultrasounds and endometrial biopsy or dilation and curettage (D&C). Effective treatment requires early discovery.
The stage determines the available treatment options: hysterectomy (uterine removal), radiation therapy, hormone treatment, and chemotherapy. With decent long-term survival rates, most early discovered cases are easily curable.