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Usually affecting males over 50, penis cancer is an uncommon but dangerous disease that originates in or on the penis. Usually starting in the squamous cells of the penile skin, most cases grow as a lump, ulcer, or wart-like development. Early symptoms might include changes in penile skin colour or thickness, bleeding, or an aberrant discharge.
Among the risk factors are human papillomavirus (HPV), smoking, uncircumcised state, and inadequate genital cleanliness. Additionally, phimosis—defined as the inability to retract the foreskin—and chronic inflammation also increase the risk. Though rare, early diagnosis greatly increases results.
Usually, to ascertain the stage of cancer, diagnosis is done by physical examination, biopsy, and imaging studies. Treatment depends on the size and extent of the malignancy as well as possible partial or complete penectomy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Advanced instances could need lymph node removal.
Early discovery and suitable therapy help provide a good prognosis. Important preventive actions are public awareness, the HPV vaccination, and better hygienic standards. Psychological support is also very important since the illness could compromise emotional and sexual well-being.