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The disorder known as anaemia results from the body's insufficient healthy red blood cells carrying enough oxygen to tissues. Among the most often occurring varieties are folate (vitamin B9) deficient anaemia, vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia, and iron deficiency anaemia. Each stems from inadequate consumption or absorption of key nutrients required for red blood cell synthesis.

Iron deficiency anaemia is most common, usually brought on by blood loss, a poor diet, or a persistent illness. It causes pale complexion, vertigo, dyspnoea, and tiredness. Lack of dietary intake—especially in vegans—poor absorption, or autoimmune diseases such as pernicious anaemia can all lead to vitamin B12 insufficiency. Among the symptoms are memory problems, tingling of the hands and feet, and weakness. Common in pregnancy and alcohol consumption, folate deficiency causes comparable symptoms and, if ignored, could result in birth abnormalities.
Diagnosis calls for testing on a nutritional level and full blood count (CBC). Usually, treatment consists of dietary changes, oral or injectable supplements, and resolving fundamental problems. Suggested are foods high in iron (such as red meat and leafy greens), B12 sources (meat, dairy), and foods high in folate (citrus fruits, legumes). Appropriate treatment of nutrient-deficiency anaemia enhances general well-being, cognitive ability, and energy level.