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 When the thyroid gland—found near the front of the neck—makes either too little or too much thyroid hormone, thyroid diseases result. Control of metabolism, energy level, heart rate, body temperature, and other factors depends on these hormones.

Underactive thyroid glands failing to generate enough hormones cause hypothyroidism. Typical reasons include iodine deficiency, Hashimoto's thyroiditis—an autoimmune disorder—or some drugs. Often among the symptoms are tiredness, weight gain, cold sensitivity, dry skin, sadness, and slower heart rate.
Conversely, hyperthyroidism is the outcome of an overactive thyroid generating too high levels of hormones. One often occurring reason is Graves's disease, another autoimmune condition. Among the symptoms could be weight loss, rapid heart rate, anxiety, perspiration, and heat intolerance.
Treatment relies on the illness. Usually handled with daily thyroid hormone replacement (levothyroxine), hypothyroidism may occasionally call for anti-thyroid drugs, radioactive iodine treatment, or surgery in extreme cases.
Timely diagnosis and suitable treatment can reasonably control most thyroid problems, enabling people to lead balanced, healthy lives.