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Targeting mostly the spine and sacroiliac joints, ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a long-term inflammatory disease causing pain, stiffness, and limited movement. Often starting in early adulthood, this kind of axial spondyloarthritis develops gradually. The inflammation can lead to new bone development, which could finally cause spinal vertebrae to fuse—a disorder sometimes known as ankylosis—resulting in a stiff and less flexible spine.
Though the precise origin of AS is unknown, there is a strong genetic link—especially with regard to the HLA-B27 gene. Typical symptoms include weariness, chronic back pain, morning stiffness that responds with activity, and occasionally inflammation in other joints or organs, including the eyes (uveitis).
Clinical symptoms, imaging tests like X-rays or MRIs, and blood testing for inflammation and genetic markers all guide diagnosis. Although there is no cure, early management with pharmaceuticals like biologics (e.g., TNF inhibitors), NSAIDs, and physical therapy can greatly decrease disease progress and enhance quality of life.
Maintaining spinal flexibility and minimising ankylosing spondylitis-related problems also depend on regular exercise and good posture.