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 Rare autoimmune connective tissue disease scleroderma—also known as systemic sclerosis—is typified by overproduction of collagen, which causes skin to harden and tighten. A potentially dangerous disorder, it can also affect internal organs including the lungs, heart, kidneys, and digestive tract. Though the precise origin is uncertain, environmental and genetic elements are thought to set off an aberrant immune response.

There are two basic forms: systemic scleroderma, which could involve several organ systems, and localised scleroderma, which mostly affects the skin and underlying tissues. Typical symptoms include joint discomfort, skin thickness, Raynaud's phenomenon—discolouration of fingers or toes in cold temperatures—as well as stomach problems and tiredness.
Diagnosis is usually based on clinical examination, blood testing for certain autoantibodies, and imaging or organ function tests. Despite the inability to cure scleroderma, treatment focusses on managing symptoms and preventing its consequences. Therapies could call for physical therapy, immunosuppressive drugs, and medications meant to increase gastrointestinal or blood flow.
Improving quality of life and slowing down disease progress depend on early diagnosis and interdisciplinary treatment. Many people with scleroderma can have active, busy lives with appropriate medical treatment.