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 Inflammation of the glomeruli, the small filtering units within the kidneys, typifies a collection of kidney illnesses known as glomerulonephritis. Filtering blood and clearing waste and extra fluids depend critically on these structures. They lose their efficacy when inflamed, which lets blood and proteins flow into the urine—a disorder sometimes known as haematuria and proteinuria.

The disorder can be chronic, increasing gradually and even resulting in renal failure, or acute, showing up quickly following infections like strep throat. Among the causes are infections, several systemic diseases like vasculitis, and autoimmune disorders including lupus. Sometimes the precise reason is yet unknown.
Typical symptoms include dark or foamy urine; facial, hands, feet, and abdomen oedema from fluid retention; high blood pressure; and tiredness. To find the underlying cause and degree of damage, diagnosis calls for urine and blood testing, imaging, and occasionally a kidney biopsy.
Glomerulonephritis type and cause determine treatment course. It could call for dietary changes, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and blood pressure drugs. In extreme situations, dialysis may be necessary. Management of symptoms, slowing down disease progression, and preservation of kidney function depend on early detection and suitable medical intervention.