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Commonly known as acid reflux, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic disorder whereby stomach acid routinely runs back into the oesophagus. This backwash, also known as reflux, irritates the esophageal lining, causing heartburn, chest pain, regurgitation, and trouble swallowing. GERD is not like sporadic acid reflux; it is constant and usually gets worse without appropriate therapy over time.
Among the risk factors are obesity, smoking, pregnancy, some drugs, and dietary choices, including hot or fatty foods, coffee, and alcohol.
The first line of therapy is lifestyle changes. These consist of weight loss, raising the head of the bed, and avoiding trigger foods. For symptom relief, over-the-counter antacids, H2 blockers, or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are also recommended. In severe circumstances, one may consider fundoplication and other surgical procedures.
Effective management of GERD calls for consistent medical follow-up and long-term lifestyle modifications. Untreated GERD can cause major problems, such as oesophagitis, esophageal strictures, or Barrett's oesophagus, therefore raising the risk of esophageal cancer.