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Made mostly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection that mostly affects the lungs. When an infected individual sneezes or coughs, airborne droplets help to spread it. Although TB primarily affects the lungs, it can also cause damage to other organs, such as the brain, kidneys, and spine.

Typical symptoms include coughing up blood, a cough lasting more than three weeks, chest pain, tiredness, inadvertent weight loss, fever, and night sweats. Two stages define TB: latent TB, in which the germs remain inactive and produce no symptoms; active TB, in which case symptoms are present and the disease is communally communicable.
Diagnostic methods include skin testing (Mantoux test), blood tests, chest X-rays, and sputum analysis. Stopping the spread and course of the illness depends on early diagnosis.
Usually lasting six months, TB treatment consists of a long course of many antibiotics, including ethambutol, rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide. Avoiding medication resistance requires following the treatment plan exactly. Because of inadequate or ineffective treatment, multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is becoming more and more of a worldwide issue.
Among the preventive measures are early detection, BCG immunization, and active case isolation. Despite remaining a serious global health concern, particularly in underdeveloped nations, tuberculosis (TB) is curable with prompt medical intervention.