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Asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder marked by inflammation and hyperreactivity of the airways, which causes recurrent bouts of wheezing, dyspnoea, chest tightness, and coughing. The disorder makes it challenging for air to pass in and out of the lungs by causing the airways to enlarge and narrow. Triggers can range from allergies to respiratory illnesses to cold air to exercise to smoke and pollution to stress.
The airways over-respond to a trigger, generating too much mucus and constricting the nearby muscles—a reaction known as bronchoconstriction. Asthma symptoms ranging from minor to life-threatening result from the mix of inflammation and muscular tightness.
Though it can strike any age, asthma is usually diagnosed in childhood. Usually, it is controlled with quick-relief inhalers for unexpected symptoms, and long-term management drugs include inhaled corticosteroids. Control of the illness also depends on the identification and avoidance of triggers.
Although there is no cure for asthma, most individuals can lead active and normal lives by using the correct medication and making lifestyle modifications. Minimizing attacks and preserving good lung function depend mostly on regular medical check-ups and following recommended medication.