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Commonly known as CAD, coronary artery disease (CAD) is a cardiac disorder brought on by the constriction or blockage of coronary arteries—the tubes supplying blood, oxygen, and nutrients to heart muscle. This constriction is usually caused by atherosclerosis, a condition in which fatty deposits known as plaque build up on arterial walls over time. Plaque blocks blood flow, which can cause chest pain (angina), dyspnoea, and, in severe cases, heart attacks.
High blood pressure, elevated cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and a family history of heart disease are CAD risk factors. Early identification is crucial since symptoms may not show until the artery is completely occluded. Often diagnosis calls for echocardiography, ECGs, stress tests, or coronary angiography.
Treatment for CAD emphasises lifestyle modifications, medicines, and occasionally surgical procedures including coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Essential for both prevention and management are a heart-healthy diet, consistent exercise, smoking cessation, and management of underlying diseases.
Living with CAD calls on a lifetime dedication toheart health. Appropriate therapy and lifestyle changes help people to control symptoms and lower their risk of major problems, therefore enhancing their quality of life and lifespan.