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 Commonly referred to as high blood pressure, hypertension is a medical disorder in which the blood exerts too much force against artery walls. Usually developing slowly over time, this disorder may be undetectable in the absence of clear signs. Untreated, hypertension greatly raises the likelihood of major medical problems, including kidney failure, eyesight loss, heart attack, and stroke.

Primary (essential) hypertension—which has no clear cause—and secondary hypertension—which develops from underlying diseases, such as kidney illness, hormone problems, or some drugs—are the two main forms. Obesity, heavy salt intake, stress, an inactive lifestyle, and family history can all contribute to high blood pressure.
Hypertension diagnosis requires regular monitoring of blood pressure with a cuff. Considered high are readings routinely above 130/80 mm Hg. Management calls for lifestyle changes, including a balanced diet low in salt, consistent exercise, stress reduction, and avoidance of tobacco and too much alcohol.

Reducing problems and advancing a healthy, long life depend on early detection and appropriate therapy. Effective control of hypertension depends mostly on frequent visits and a heart-friendly lifestyle.