Medical Services

The disorder known as atherosclerosis results from the accumulation of plaque—a mix of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other elements present in the blood—which narrows and stiffens the arteries. This accumulation reduces blood flow over time, therefore limiting oxygen and nutrients to important organs. Atherosclerosis can affect arteries throughout the body, leading to major diseases like peripheral artery disease, stroke, and coronary artery disease.
Usually silently developing over decades, atherosclerosis may not show symptoms until a major artery is seriously clogged. When symptoms do show up, they depend on the damaged arteries and may be anything from shortness of breath to even sudden heart attacks or strokes. Numbness in limbs is another possibility.
Risk factors include diabetes, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and a family history of cardiovascular disease. Diagnosis usually involves imaging studies such as blood tests, CT scans, ultrasounds, and even angiography.
Treatment seeks to slow down or stop the spread of plaque development. Crucially, there are lifestyle modifications, including a healthy diet, consistent exercise, smoking cessation, and weight control. Drugs to decrease cholesterol and regulate blood pressure are often recommended; surgical treatments can be required in severe situations.