Coronary Artery Disease (Heart Attack)

Usually resulting from a build-up of plaque—a mixture of fat, cholesterol, and other compounds—coronary artery disease (CAD) is the condition whereby the main blood vessels supplying the heart narrow or block. This blockage lowers blood flow to the heart muscle, which causes chest discomfort (angina), dyspnoea, or, more dangerously, a heart attack. Among the risk factors for coronary artery disease are high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and a family history of heart disease. Despite the minor nature of early symptoms, it is important to pay attention to symptoms such as tiredness, vertigo, and chest discomfort. Diagnostic procedures typically involve blood tests, an electrocardiogram (ECG), stress testing, and imaging studies.
The emphasis of treatment is on lifestyle modifications, including a heart-healthy diet, consistent exercise, smoking cessation, and stress management. Prescriptions can call for drugs including beta-blockers, statins, and blood thinners. Severe cases call for surgeries such as coronary artery bypass surgery, stent implantation, or angioplasty.
Maintaining quality of life and avoiding heart attacks depend on controlling coronary artery disease. Regular medical care and early detection significantly reduce the severity of the condition.