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Originating in the tissues of the lungs, usually in the cells lining the airways, lung cancer is among the most often occurring and fatal types of cancer worldwide. The two primary forms of lung cancer are Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC). NSCLC typically develops more slowly than SCLC, making it the more common type of lung cancer.
Tobacco smoking—including secondhand smoke exposure—is the major risk factor for lung cancer. Other risk factors are work hazards, genetic inclination, air pollution, and exposure to radon gas or asbestos.
Later stages of lung cancer often show symptoms like a chronic cough, coughing up blood, chest pain, dyspnoea, unexplained weight loss, and recurrent respiratory infections. Often, early symptoms are vague or absent, leading to a delay in diagnosis.
Usually, diagnosis calls for a chest X-ray, CT scan, bronchoscopy, and biopsy. Modern diagnostic instruments, such as molecular testing and PET-CT, assist in directing individualised therapy programs. Depending on the type and stage of cancer, treatment could call for surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, focused therapy, or immunotherapy.
Early detection—especially in high-risk patients with low-dose CT screening—improves survival rates greatly and makes more efficient treatment possible.