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Tic Disorders are neurodevelopmental disorders characterised by sudden, fast, repetitive motions or sounds called tics. These behaviours are often difficult to regulate and may escalate when stress, excitement, exhaustion, or anxiety is present. The frequency, intensity, and kind of tics change over time.

Motor tics are bodily motions such as blinking, facial movements, shoulder shrugging, head jerking or touching items. Vocal tics might involve sounds or words such as throat clearing, coughing, humming, sniffing, or repeating certain sounds. Some have vocal as well as muscular tics.

Tourette’s Disorder, Persistent Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder, and Provisional Tic Disorder are examples of common tic disorders. Tourette’s Disorder consists of both motor and vocal tics that have lasted throughout time, although some other types may consist of only one type of tic or last for a shorter time period.

Diagnosis is often made on the nature, frequency, duration, and progression of symptoms. Treatment varies based on severity and may include behavioural techniques such as Comprehensive Behavioural Intervention for Tics (CBIT). Medication can be recommended if tics are seriously interfering with functioning.

Supportive surroundings, along with knowledge and understanding, can help reduce shame and foster confidence. Many childhood tics fade or change as people get older.