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Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder characterized by persistent avoidance or restriction of food that leads to inadequate nutrition. Unlike anorexia nervosa, ARFID is not driven by concerns about body weight, body shape, or appearance. Individuals may avoid certain foods because of their texture, taste, smell, color, or appearance. Others may have little interest in eating or fear unpleasant experiences such as choking, vomiting, nausea, or abdominal discomfort.

ARFID can affect children, adolescents, and adults. It may result in insufficient calorie intake, nutritional deficiencies, poor growth, weight loss, low energy, or difficulties maintaining normal physical development. In some cases, restricted eating can interfere with school, work, social activities, and family meals.

Diagnosis involves assessing eating patterns, nutritional status, physical health, and psychological factors while excluding other medical or eating-related conditions. Treatment is usually individualized and may involve a multidisciplinary team that includes a physician, dietitian, and mental health professional.

Therapy can help individuals gradually tolerate avoided foods, manage anxiety surrounding eating, and develop healthier eating habits. Nutritional support may also be needed to correct deficiencies and promote adequate nourishment. Early recognition and appropriate treatment can improve nutritional health, confidence around food, and overall quality of life.