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Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) (NPD) is a mental health disorder characterised by a long-term pattern of excessive self-importance, acute sensitivity to criticism, and a long-term demand for recognition or admiration. People with NPD may believe that they are better or more accomplished than others and want special treatment. Some people may have fragile self-esteem behind the outward confidence, embarrassment, insecurity or acute distress when faced with rejection or criticism.

NPD can have an impact on friendships, family ties, romantic relationships, and work dynamics. A person could find it difficult to see or respond to the feelings and needs of others, leading to conflict, misunderstanding, or emotional estrangement. They can react badly when their expectations are not realised or when they feel their status is challenged.

It is caused by a complex interaction of psychological, environmental and potentially biological variables. Occasional self-centred behaviour does not necessarily imply NPD, and diagnosis requires assessment by a skilled mental health professional.

Treatment could comprise psychotherapy aimed at fostering greater self-esteem, emotional regulation, empathy, communication skills, and more secure relationships. Progress takes time, but with the right professional guidance, individuals can begin to recognise their patterns, regulate challenging emotions, and improve their general functioning.