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Personality disorders are a category of mental health illnesses characterised by enduring patterns of thought, mood, and behaviour that deviate markedly from normative standards. These behaviours often emerge in youth or early adulthood and can interfere with relationships, work performance, decision-making, and mental health. People may have issues with self-image, trust, controlling their emotions, or recognising the emotions of others.

Personality disorders: Mental health specialists typically classify personality disorders into three groupings. Mental health specialists typically classify personality disorders into three groupings. Cluster A comprises unusual or eccentric disorders, including Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal Personality Disorders. Cluster B includes Borderline, Narcissistic, Antisocial and Histrionic Personality Disorders and is characterised by dramatic or impulsive behaviours.

Cluster C consists of anxious or fearful behaviours, including Avoidant, Dependent, and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders.

The specific causes are unknown but may include genetics, brain development, early experiences, and environmental effects. Symptoms vary by illness but may include unstable relationships, impulsive behaviour, extreme fear of rejection, emotional outbursts, or difficulties adjusting to change.

Diagnosis involves a full psychological assessment by a qualified mental health expert. Treatment usually involves psychotherapy, notably cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT), supportive care, and medication, when necessary, for the management of related symptoms such as anxiety or depression.