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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic mental health condition characterised by persistent, unwanted thoughts called obsessions and repetitive behaviours or mental rituals known as compulsions. These compulsions are performed to reduce anxiety caused by obsessive thoughts, but the relief is usually temporary. OCD can affect people of all ages and significantly interfere with work, education, relationships, and daily routines.

Common obsessions include fears of contamination, excessive doubts, a need for symmetry, or distressing aggressive or religious thoughts. Compulsions may involve repeated handwashing, checking locks or appliances, counting, arranging objects, or silently repeating words or prayers. Individuals with OCD often recognise that their thoughts are irrational but feel unable to control them.

The exact cause of OCD is not fully understood, but genetic factors, differences in brain function, and environmental influences may contribute to its development. Diagnosis is based on a detailed psychological assessment that evaluates the severity and impact of symptoms.

Treatment typically includes Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), particularly Exposure andResponse Prevention (ERP), which helps individuals resist compulsive behaviours. With early diagnosis, consistent therapy, and appropriate support, many people with OCD can effectively reduce symptoms and improve their overall quality of life.