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Transfusion Reactions are adverse events that occur during or after the administration of blood or blood components. They may result from immune responses, incompatibility between donor and recipient blood, or non-immune causes related to the transfusion process. Reactions range from mild allergic symptoms to severe, life-threatening complications. Common types include acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, febrile non-haemolytic reactions, allergic reactions, anaphylaxis, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO), and delayed haemolytic reactions. Although strict blood compatibility testing has significantly reduced serious complications, transfusion reactions remain an important clinical concern.

If a reaction is suspected, the transfusion should be stopped immediately, and the patient should receive prompt medical evaluation and supportive treatment. Laboratory investigations help identify the cause and guide further management.

Prevention involves accurate patient identification, proper blood group matching, antibody screening, careful donor selection, and continuous monitoring throughout the transfusion process. Healthcare professionals follow established transfusion safety protocols to minimise risks. Early recognition, rapid intervention, and appropriate follow-up ensure better patient outcomes while allowing blood transfusions to remain a safe and essential treatment for many medical conditions.