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Paediatric haemophilia is a rare inherited bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot properly because of a deficiency of clotting factor VIII (haemophilia A) or factor IX (haemophilia B). It primarily affects boys, while girls are usually carriers, although they may occasionally experience mild symptoms.

Children with haemophilia may experience prolonged bleeding after minor injuries, frequent nosebleeds, excessive bruising, bleeding into muscles, and painful joint bleeding, particularly in the knees, ankles, and elbows. Repeated joint bleeds can cause chronic pain, reduced mobility, and permanent joint damage if not treated promptly.

Diagnosis includes a detailed family history, coagulation tests, clotting factor assays, and genetic testing to identify the specific type and severity of the disorder. Early diagnosis allows timely intervention and helps prevent serious complications.

Treatment focuses on replacing the missing clotting factor through regular preventive (prophylactic) or on-demand factor replacement therapy. Newer treatments, including non-factor therapies and gene therapy for selected patients, have improved disease management. Children should avoid high-risk activities while remaining physically active through safe exercises that strengthen muscles and protect joints. Regular follow-up with paediatric haematology specialists, family education, and prompt treatment of bleeding episodes enable most children with haemophilia to lead active, healthy, and fulfilling lives.