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Iron & Nutritional Blood Disorders encompass a range of conditions caused by inadequate levels of nutrients required for normal blood cell production. Iron is the primary component of haemoglobin, while vitamins such as B12, folate, and B6 support red blood cell formation and maturation. Deficiencies in these nutrients can disrupt blood production, resulting in anaemia and other haematological abnormalities.

Iron deficiency anaemia is the most prevalent nutritional blood disorder worldwide and commonly occurs due to poor dietary intake, chronic blood loss, increased nutritional demands during pregnancy, or reduced iron absorption. Vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies lead to megaloblastic anaemia, characterised by the production of large, immature red blood cells. Less commonly, deficiencies of copper or vitamin B6 may also affect normal blood formation.

Symptoms vary depending on the specific deficiency but often include persistent fatigue, weakness, pale skin, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, breathlessness, headaches, poor concentration, and reduced exercise tolerance. In vitamin B12 deficiency, numbness, tingling, and neurological symptoms may also develop.

Diagnosis includes a complete blood count, iron profile, serum ferritin, vitamin B12, folate, and additional laboratory tests to determine the exact cause. Treatment involves replacing the deficient nutrients, improving dietary habits, and managing underlying conditions. Early intervention usually restores healthy blood production and prevents long-term complications.