Medical Services

Light Chain Disease is a type of plasma cell disorder in which abnormal plasma cells produce excessive amounts of immunoglobulin light chains instead of complete antibodies. These light chains circulate in the bloodstream and may accumulate in organs, particularly the kidneys, leading to significant tissue damage. The condition is commonly associated with multiple myeloma but can also occur independently. Because free light chains are filtered through the kidneys, they may cause kidney impairment, proteinuria, or even kidney failure if left untreated.

Common symptoms include fatigue, bone pain, frequent infections, unexplained weight loss, excessive thirst, and reduced kidney function. Some patients may also experience anaemia, hypercalcaemia, or fractures due to bone involvement. Diagnosis involves blood and urine tests to detect free light chains, serum protein electrophoresis, immunofixation, bone marrow biopsy, and imaging studies to evaluate bone lesions.

Treatment depends on the severity and underlying cause but often includes chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, corticosteroids, and, in eligible patients, stem cell transplantation. Supportive care such as hydration, kidney protection, and medications to strengthen bones may also be required. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can reduce complications, preserve organ function, improve quality of life, and enhance long-term outcomes for individuals living with Light Chain Disease.