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Smouldering Myeloma is an asymptomatic precursor stage of Multiple Myeloma characterized by an increased number of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow without signs of organ damage. Unlike active Multiple Myeloma, people with Smouldering Myeloma do not experience symptoms such as bone pain, anemia, kidney impairment, or high calcium levels.

The condition is often discovered accidentally during routine blood tests showing elevated monoclonal (M) protein levels or abnormal plasma cell counts. Diagnosis involves blood and urine tests, bone marrow examination, imaging studies, and assessment for evidence of organ damage. Doctors carefully distinguish Smouldering Myeloma from Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) and active Multiple Myeloma.

Although the exact cause remains unclear, age, family history, and certain genetic changes may contribute to its development. Most patients do not require immediate treatment because the disease is stable at diagnosis. Instead, regular monitoring through laboratory tests and periodic imaging is recommended to detect early signs of progression.

Individuals at high risk of progression may benefit from participation in clinical trials or selected early treatment strategies. Close medical follow-up allows timely intervention if the condition advances, helping reduce complications and improve long-term outcomes.