Myelofibrosis

Myelofibrosis is a rare type of chronic blood cancer and bone marrow disorder in which excessive scar tissue gradually replaces healthy bone marrow. This scarring disrupts the normal production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, leading to anemia, infections, and abnormal bleeding. The condition may develop on its own, known as primary myelofibrosis, or occur as a complication of other blood disorders such as polycythemia vera or essential thrombocythemia.

Common symptoms include persistent fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, easy bruising, night sweats, fever, weight loss, bone pain, and a feeling of fullness caused by an enlarged spleen. Diagnosis involves blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, genetic mutation testing, and imaging studies. Mutations in genes such as JAK2, CALR, or MPL are frequently associated with the disease.

Options include targeted therapies, blood transfusions, medications to improve blood counts, chemotherapy, and supportive care. In selected patients, stem cell transplantation offers the only potential cure but carries significant risks. Early diagnosis, regular monitoring, and personalized treatment can improve quality of life and help manage complications associated with myelofibrosis.