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Chronic Neutrophilic Leukaemia (CNL) is a rare type of myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the uncontrolled production of mature neutrophils, a type of white blood cell responsible for fighting infections. This uncommon blood cancer primarily affects older adults and develops slowly, although it may progress over time if left untreated. The exact cause is not always known, but mutations in the CSF3R gene are commonly associated with the disease.

Common symptoms include persistent fatigue, weakness, unexplained weight loss, fever, night sweats, easy bruising, abdominal discomfort due to an enlarged spleen, and recurrent infections. Some individuals may remain symptom-free during the early stages, with the condition discovered through routine blood tests showing significantly elevated neutrophil counts.

Diagnosis involves a complete blood count (CBC), peripheral blood smear, bone marrow examination, genetic testing for CSF3R mutations, and exclusion of other blood disorders. Treatment depends on disease severity and may include targeted therapy, cytoreductive medications such as hydroxyurea, supportive care, or stem cell transplantation in selected patients.

Regular follow-up with a hematologist is essential to monitor disease progression, manage complications, and adjust treatment plans. Early diagnosis and personalized care can help improve quality of life and long-term outcomes for individuals living with Chronic Neutrophilic Leukaemia.